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Communication Research
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Why Does It Hurt?

The Perceived Causes of Hurt Feelings

Anita L. Vangelisti

Department of Communication Studies at the University of Texas at Austin

Stacy L. Young

California State University, Long Beach

Katy E. Carpenter-Theune

Alicia L. Alexander

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville in the Department of Speech Communication

Research suggests that people’s explanations for their hurt feelings can influence how they feel and how they respond to others. Although the events and behaviors that elicit hurt have been examined, individuals’ beliefs about what made them feel hurt have not been explored. The current study extends existing research by investigating the causes that people associate with their hurt feelings. First, participants’ explanations for why a specific interaction hurt their feelings were examined; then, underlying dimensions characterizing people’s explanations for hurt were identified and associations with theoretically relevant outcomes were assessed. Results yielded eight factors characterizing the perceived causes of hurt feelings. Relational satisfaction and self-esteem were linked to the reasons people felt hurt. Individuals’ perceptions about the causes of their hurt feelings also were associated with the intensity of their feelings, their responses to being hurt, and their tendency to distance themselves from the person who hurt them.

Key Words: appraisal • causes of hurt • emotion • hurt • hurt feelings

Communication Research, Vol. 32, No. 4, 443-477 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0093650205277319
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