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Communication Research, Vol. 35, No. 2, 190-207 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0093650207313159
© 2008 SAGE Publications

Social-Psychological Influences on Opinion Expression in Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Communication

Shirley S. Ho

University of Wisconsin-Madison and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Douglas M. McLeod

University of Wisconsin-Madison

This study used an experiment embedded within a Web-based survey to examine the influence of contextual (i.e., face-to-face vs. online chat room discussion) and social-psychological factors on individuals' willingness to express opinions. In this experiment, respondents were asked whether they would be willing to express an opinion if they were placed in a face-to-face discussion group in one condition and in an online chat room discussion group in the other condition. Results indicate that print news use, fear of isolation, communication apprehension, future opinion congruency, and communication setting significantly predict willingness to speak out. In addition, not only did fear of isolation have a negative main effect on opinion expression, but this effect was significantly attenuated by computer-mediated discussion. Findings suggest that computer-mediated communication may avoid some of the dysfunctional social-psychological influences found in face-to-face interactions and create a forum conducive for public deliberation.

Key Words: opinion expression • spiral of silence • computer-mediated communication • fear of isolation • communication apprehension • news media use • opinion congruency • public deliberation • same-sex marriage


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